Customers who bought USDT during Tether's boom years were later linked to financial crimes, records show.

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Crypto firm Tether says it vets its customers carefully. But records obtained by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists reveal that some of the firm’s early customers included figures and firms later accused of or linked to financial crimes. 

Tether was booming during 2019 and 2020, with the value of its USDT tokens in circulation jumping from $2 billion to $20 billion. But who was buying them?

It turns out that several USDT purchasers in that period were later revealed to be involved with financial crimes, according to a set of financial documents reviewed by ICIJ. Altogether, they bought tens of millions of tokens directly from Tether.

Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino being recognized by US President Donald Trump during a signing ceremony for the GENIUS Act, the first federal bill to regulate stablecoins, in the East Room of the White House on July 18, 2025. Image: Al Drago/Bloomberg.

Among them were firms later named as laundering vehicles for North Korean hackers and for the Sinaloa Cartel, which smuggles vast amounts of heroin and fentanyl into the United States, as well as Alameda Research, which was co-founded by Sam Bankman-Fried and was closely tied to Bankman-Fried’s FTX crypto exchange. Bankman-Fried is now serving a 25-year federal prison sentence for crimes related to his looting of more than $8 billion from FTX customer accounts.

While Tether sold tokens to these customers years before their alleged crimes came to light publicly, the transactions raise questions about how closely Tether scrutinized the buyers. Experts say vetting customers isn’t just to identify lawbreakers – but to understand the sources of their wealth and the nature of their business.

“A lot of due diligence is to prevent you from onboarding a customer who later turns out to be a criminal,” Alison Jimenez, an anti-money laundering expert, told ICIJ. “You need to understand where the $50 million came from.” 

Tether did not respond to requests to comment for this story. Read more here.

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Thanks for reading!

Carmen Molina Acosta
ICIJ's digital editor

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